Section 4.5
Defective Starter

To determine if a defective starter is causing starting difficulty, perform the following steps:‪

1. Place the red lead of a voltmeter to the solenoid "BAT'' terminal, see Figure "Cranking Motor Available Voltage Test" .
   

   	1. Black Voltmeter Lead‪	4. Harness Tube‪
   	2. Starter Ground Terminal Lug‪	5. Volt Ohm Meter‪
   	3. Red Voltmeter Lead‪	‪

   Figure 1. Cranking Motor Available Voltage Test

2. Place the black voltmeter lead to the starter ground terminal, see Figure "Basic Cranking Circuit" .
3. Engage the starter switch.
4. View the voltage reading on the meter.
   1. If the voltage is less than specification while cranking the engine, replacement is necessary; refer to "4.5.1 Starter Replacement" .
   2. If the voltage is to specification while cranking the engine, check the cranking speed; refer to "4.6 Low Cranking Speed" .

Section 4.5.1
Starter Replacement

Perform the following steps for starter replacement:‪

1. Replace the starter; refer to the appropriate service manual, electrical equipment chapter.
2. Verify replacement of starter; refer to "4.5.1.1 Test Engine with Replaced Starter" .

Section 4.5.1.1
Test Engine with Replaced Starter

Perform the following steps to determine if the replaced starter resolved starting difficulty:‪

1. Attempt to start and run the engine. If the engine starts and runs, no further troubleshooting is required. Shut down the engine.
2. If the engine fails to start and run, check the cranking speed; refer to "4.6 Low Cranking Speed" .